I want to add new user accounts that can connect to my Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) Linux instance using SSH. How do I do that?
Sometimes we get the requirement to change the key-pair for some security reasons. In this article, we will be changing the key pair of running EC2 instances. Create a new key pair from AWS Console. Generate Public key from newly created key pair ( Private Key ). Oct 17, 2016 Terraform – Assigning an AWS Key Pair to your EC2 Instance Resource In the first post on Terraform, we took a look at how to create and destroy a simple EC2 instance. However, one of the common things we need to do in AWS is to assign a Key Value pair, as well as, Tag Instances with names, project codes, etc. To enable a password authentication, you create a password, update the /etc/ssh/sshdconfig file, and then restart the SSH service. The following procedure is tested on Amazon Linux, RHEL, SUSE, and Ubuntu. Note: Using a password-based login rather than key pair authentication has security implications. Therefore, password-based login isn't.
Short Description
Every Amazon EC2 Linux instance launches with a default system user account with administrative access to the instance. If multiple users require access to the instance, it's a security best practice to use separate accounts for each user.
You can expedite these steps by using cloud-init and user data. For more information, see How can I give a user permissions to connect to my EC2 Linux instance using SSH?
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Resolution
Create a key pair for the new user account
- Create a key pair, or use an existing one, for the new user.
- If you create your own key pair using the command line, follow the recommendations at create-key-pair or New-EC2KeyPair Cmdlet for key type and bit length.
- If you create your own key pair using a third-party tool, be sure that your key matches the guidelines at Importing Your Own Public Key to Amazon EC2.
Add a new user to the EC2 Linux instance
1. Connect to your Linux instance using SSH.
2. Use the adduser command to add a new user account to an EC2 instance (replace new_user with the new account name). The following example creates an associated group, home directory, and an entry in the /etc/passwd file of the instance:
Note: If you add the new_user to an Ubuntu instance, include the --disabled-password option to avoid adding a password to the new account:
3. Change the security context to the new_user account so that folders and files you create have the correct permissions:
Note: When you run the sudo su - new_user command, the name at the top of the command shell prompt changes to reflect the new user account context of your shell session.
4. Create a .ssh directory in the new_user home directory:
5. Use the chmod command to change the .ssh directory's permissions to 700. Changing the permissions restricts access so that only the new_user can read, write, or open the .ssh directory.
6. Use the touch command to create the authorized_keys file in the .ssh directory:
7. Use the chmod command to change the .ssh/authorized_keys file permissions to 600. Changing the file permissions restricts read or write access to the new_user.
Retrieve the public key for your key pair
Retrieve the public key for your key pair using the method that applies to your configuration:
Verify your key pair's fingerprint
After you import your own public key or retrieve the public key for your key pair, follow the steps at Verifying Your Key Pair's Fingerprint.
Update and verify the new user account credentials
![Generate Key Pair For Amazon Ec2 Generate Key Pair For Amazon Ec2](/uploads/1/2/6/1/126129443/475163200.jpg)
After you retrieve the public key, use the command shell session that is running under the context of the new user account to confirm that you have permission to add the public key to the .ssh/authorized_keys file for this account:
1. Run the Linux cat command in append mode:
2. Paste the public key into the .ssh/authorized_keys file and then press Enter.
Note: For most Linux command line interfaces, the Ctrl+Shift+V key combination pastes the contents of the clipboard into the command line window. For the PuTTY command line interface, right-click to paste the contents of the clipboard into the PuTTY command line window.
3. Press and hold Ctrl+d to exit cat and return to the command line session prompt.
(Optional) Allow the new user to use sudo
Note: If you don't want to allow the new user to use sudo, proceed to Verify that the new user can use SSH to connect to the EC2 instance.
1. Use the passwd command to create a password for the new user:
Note: You're prompted to reenter the password. Enter the password a second time to confirm it.
2. Add the new user to the correct group.
For Amazon Linux, Amazon Linux 2, RHEL, and CentOS:
Use the usermod command to add the user to the wheel group.
For Ubuntu:
Use the usermod command to add the user to the sudo group.
Verify that the new user can use SSH to connect to the EC2 instance
1. Verify that you can connect to your EC2 instance when using ssh as the new_user by running the following command from a command line prompt on your local computer:
To connect to your EC2 Linux instance using SSH from Windows, follow the steps at Connecting to Your Linux Instance from Windows Using PuTTY.
2. After you connect to your instance as the new_user by using SSH, run the id command from the EC2 instance command line to view the user and group information created for the new_user account:
The id command returns information similar to the following:
3. Distribute the private key file to your new user.
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Related Information
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Joel shows you how to manage user accounts on your Amazon EC2 Linux instance (5:47)
This Python example shows you how to:
- Get information about your key pairs
- Create a key pair to access an Amazon EC2 instance
- Delete an existing key pair
The Scenario¶
Amazon EC2 uses public–key cryptography to encrypt and decrypt login information. Public–key cryptographyuses a public key to encrypt data, then the recipient uses the private key to decrypt the data. Thepublic and private keys are known as a key pair.
In this example, Python code is used to perform several Amazon EC2 key pair managementoperations. The code uses the AWS SDK for Python to manage IAM access keys using these methods of the EC2 client class:
- describe_key_pairs.
- create_key_pair.
- delete_key_pair.
For more information about the Amazon EC2 key pairs, see Amazon EC2 Key Pairsin the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Linux Instancesor Amazon EC2 Key Pairs and Windows Instancesin the Amazon EC2 User Guide for Windows Instances.
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All the example code for the Amazon Web Services (AWS) SDK for Python is available here on GitHub.
Prerequisite Task¶
To set up and run this example, you must first configure your AWS credentials, as described in Quickstart.
Describe Key Pairs¶
Describe one or more of your key pairs.
The example below shows how to:
- Describe keypairs usingdescribe_key_pairs.
Aws Key Pairs
Example¶
Create a Key Pair¶
Create a 2048-bit RSA key pair with the specified name. Amazon EC2 stores the public key and displaysthe private key for you to save to a file. The private key is returned as an unencrypted PEM encodedPKCS#8 private key. If a key with the specified name already exists, Amazon EC2 returns an error.
The example below shows how to:
- Create a 2048-bit RSA key pair with a specified name usingcreate_key_pair.
Example¶
Delete a Key Pair¶
Delete the specified key pair, by removing the public key from Amazon EC2.
The example below shows how to:
- Delete a key pair by removing the public key from Amazon EC2 usingdelete_key_pair.